Ƙarfin iska ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun tushen makamashi mai tsabta a duniya. Shekaru da yawa, yawancin wutar lantarkinmu sun fito ne daga kwal, mai da sauran albarkatun mai. Duk da haka, samar da makamashi daga waɗannan albarkatun yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga muhallinmu da kuma gurɓata iska, ƙasa da ruwa. Wannan amincewa ya sa mutane da yawa su juya zuwa makamashin kore a matsayin mafita. Don haka, makamashin da ake sabunta shi yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda dalilai da yawa, ciki har da:
-Tasirin muhalli mai kyau
-Aiki da sauran fa'idojin tattalin arziki
-Ingantacciyar lafiyar jama'a
-Yawaita samar da makamashi mai yawa kuma mara ƙarewa
-Tsarin makamashi mafi aminci da juriya
A cikin 1831, Michael Faraday ya kirkiro janareta na farko na lantarki. Ya gano cewa ana iya samar da wutar lantarki a cikin madugu idan aka motsa ta cikin filin maganadisu. Kusan shekaru 200 bayan haka, maganadisu da filayen maganadisu na ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani. Injiniyoyin sun ci gaba da ginawa akan abubuwan da Faraday ya kirkira, tare da sabbin kayayyaki don magance matsalolin karni na 21.
Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin injina mai sarƙaƙƙiya, injin turbin iska na ƙara shahara a ɓangaren makamashi mai sabuntawa. Bugu da kari, kowane bangare na injin turbine yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yadda yake aiki da kuma daukar makamashin iska. A cikin mafi sauƙi, yadda injin turbines ke aiki shine:
-Kaƙƙarfan iskoki suna juya ruwan wukake
-An haɗa ruwan fanfo zuwa babban tashar da ke tsakiya
-Generator da aka haɗa da wannan ramin yana canza wannan motsi zuwa wutar lantarki
Maɗaukaki na dindindin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wasu manyan injin turbin na duniya. An yi amfani da maganadiso na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, kamar magneto mai ƙarfi neodymium-iron-boron, a cikin wasu ƙirar injin turbine don rage farashi, inganta dogaro, da rage buƙatar kulawa mai tsada da ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka sabbin fasahohin zamani a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun ƙarfafa injiniyoyi suyi amfani da tsarin janareta na dindindin (PMG) a cikin injin injin iska. Sabili da haka, wannan ya kawar da buƙatar akwatunan gear, yana tabbatar da tsarin maɗaukaki na dindindin don zama mafi kyawun farashi, abin dogara da ƙarancin kulawa. Maimakon buƙatar wutar lantarki don fitar da filin maganadisu, ana amfani da manyan neodymium magnets don samar da nasu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ya kawar da buƙatar sassan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin janareta na baya, tare da rage saurin iska da ake bukata don samar da makamashi.
A dindindin maganadisu na aiki tare janareta shine madadin nau'in janareta na injin turbine. Ba kamar induction janareta ba, waɗannan janareta suna amfani da filin maganadisu na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho a maimakon na'urorin lantarki. Ba sa buƙatar zoben zamewa ko tushen wutar lantarki na waje don ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu. Ana iya sarrafa su a ƙananan gudu, wanda ke ba su damar yin amfani da su ta hanyar turbine kai tsaye kuma, saboda haka, ba sa buƙatar akwati. Wannan yana rage nauyin injin turbine nacelle kuma yana nufin ana iya samar da hasumiya a farashi mai sauƙi. Kawar da akwatin gear yana haifar da ingantacciyar aminci, rage farashin kulawa, da ingantaccen aiki. Ƙarfin maganadisu don ƙyale masu ƙira su cire akwatunan injina daga injin turbin iska yana kwatanta yadda za a iya amfani da maganadisu da sabbin abubuwa wajen magance matsalolin aiki da na tattalin arziki a cikin injinan iska na zamani.
Masana'antar injin turbin iska sun fi son maganadisu da ba kasafai ba saboda manyan dalilai guda uku:
-Magungunan janareta na dindindin ba sa buƙatar tushen wutar lantarki na waje don fara filin maganadisu
- Haɗin kai kuma yana nufin banki na batura ko capacitors don wasu ayyuka na iya zama ƙarami
-Tsarin yana rage asarar wutar lantarki
Bugu da ƙari, saboda babban ƙarfin ƙarfi na dindindin janareta na maganadisu, ana kawar da wasu nauyin da ke da alaƙa da iskar tagulla tare da matsalolin gurɓataccen rufi da gajarta.
Makamashin iskar yana daga cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi cikin sauri a bangaren masu amfani a yau.
Babban fa'idodin amfani da maganadisu a cikin injina na iska don samar da mafi tsafta, mafi aminci, mafi inganci da ingantaccen tushen makamashi na iskar yana da babban tasiri mai kyau ga duniyarmu, yawan jama'a da yadda muke rayuwa da aiki.
Iska mai tsafta ce kuma tushen man fetur da za a iya amfani da shi wajen samar da wutar lantarki. Ana iya amfani da injin turbin iska tare da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa don taimakawa jihohi da ƙasashe su cika ka'idojin fayil ɗin sabuntawa da kuma buƙatun hayaki don rage saurin canjin yanayi. Injin turbin iska ba sa fitar da iskar carbon dioxide ko wasu iskar gas mai cutarwa, wanda ke sa kuzarin iska ya fi kyau ga muhalli fiye da tushen tushen mai.
Baya ga rage hayakin iskar gas, makamashin iska yana ba da ƙarin fa'ida akan tushen samar da wutar lantarki na gargajiya. Tashar makamashin nukiliya, gawayi, da iskar gas na amfani da ruwa mai yawan gaske wajen samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan tashoshin wutar lantarki, ana amfani da ruwa don ƙirƙirar tururi, sarrafa hayaki, ko dalilai masu sanyaya. Yawancin wannan ruwan ana fitar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya a cikin nau'i na gurɓataccen ruwa. Akasin haka, injin turbin iska baya buƙatar ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Saboda haka darajar gonakin iskar yana ƙaruwa sosai a yankuna masu fama da ɓacin rai inda wadatar ruwa ke da iyaka.
Watakila fa'ida a bayyane amma babban fa'idar wutar lantarki shine tushen mai yana da kyauta kuma ana samunsa a gida. Sabanin haka, farashin mai na albarkatun mai na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman farashin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki kuma yana iya buƙatar samunsa daga masu samar da kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje waɗanda zasu iya haifar da dogaro ga sarƙoƙi masu katsewa kuma rikice-rikicen geopolitical na iya shafar su. Wannan yana nufin makamashin iska zai iya taimakawa ƙasashe su zama masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da kuma rage haɗarin hauhawar farashin man fetur.
Ba kamar ƙaƙƙarfan tushen mai kamar gawayi ko iskar gas ba, iska itace tushen makamashi mai dorewa wanda baya buƙatar burbushin mai don samar da wuta. Ana samar da iska ta yanayin zafi da bambance-bambancen matsa lamba a cikin yanayi kuma sakamakon zafin rana ne na dumama doron duniya. A matsayin tushen mai, iska tana samar da makamashi mara iyaka kuma, muddin rana ta ci gaba da haskakawa, iska za ta ci gaba da hurawa.
