Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B) maganadisuMagnet ne na duniya da ba kasafai ba wanda ya hada da neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), boron (B), da karafa na mika mulki.Suna da kyakkyawan aiki a aikace-aikace saboda ƙarfin maganadisu mai ƙarfi, wanda shine 1.4 teslas (T), naúrar shigar da maganadisu ko yawan juzu'i.
Neodymium maganadiso an rarraba su ta yadda ake kera su, wanda aka haɗa ko kuma an haɗa su.Sun zama mafi yawan amfani da maganadisu tun haɓakarsu a cikin 1984.
A cikin yanayinsa na halitta, neodymium ferromagnetic ne kuma ana iya yin maganadisu ne kawai a matsanancin yanayin zafi.Idan aka hada shi da wasu karafa, kamar karfe, ana iya yin maganadisu a cikin dakin da zafin jiki.
Ana iya ganin iyawar maganadisu na maganadisu neodymium a hoton da ke hannun dama.
Nau'o'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan magneto na duniya sune neodymium da samarium cobalt.Kafin a gano majinin neodymium, samarium cobalt magnets sune aka fi amfani da su amma an maye gurbinsu da neodymium maganadisu saboda kudin da ake kashewa na kera maginin samarium cobalt.
Menene Halayen Neodymium Magnet?
Babban halayen neodymium maganadisu shine yadda suke da ƙarfi don girman su.Filin maganadisu na maganadisu neodymium yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin maganadisu a kai da kuma adaidaita sahu na dipoles, wanda shine madauki na magnetic hysteresis.Lokacin da aka cire filin maganadisu, ɓangaren jeri ya kasance a cikin neodymium ɗin maganadisu.
Makijin neodymium maganadiso yana nuna ƙarfin maganadisu.Mafi girman lambar sa, mafi ƙarfi shine ƙarfin maganadisu.Lambobin sun fito ne daga kadarorin su da aka bayyana a matsayin mega gauss Oersteds ko MGOe, wanda shine mafi ƙarfi na BH Curve.
Ma'auni na "N" yana farawa daga N30 kuma yana zuwa N52, kodayake N52 magnets ba safai ake amfani da su ba ko kuma kawai a lokuta na musamman.Ana iya biye da lambar "N" da haruffa biyu, kamar SH, waɗanda ke nuna ƙarfin maganadisu (Hc).Mafi girman Hc, mafi girman yanayin zafin da neo magnet zai iya jurewa kafin ya rasa abin da yake samarwa.
Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya jera mafi yawan maki na magnetin neodymium da ake amfani da su a yanzu.
Abubuwan Neodymium Magnets
Kasancewa:
Lokacin da aka sanya neodymium a cikin filin maganadisu, atom ɗin dipoles suna daidaitawa.Bayan an cire shi daga filin, wani yanki na daidaitawar ya kasance yana haifar da neodymium mai maganadisu.Kasancewa shine yawan juzu'in da ke saura lokacin da filin waje ya dawo daga ƙimar jikewa zuwa sifili, wanda shine ragowar maganadisu.Mafi girman ragowar, mafi girma yawan juzu'i.Neodymium maganadiso suna da juzu'in juzu'i na 1.0 zuwa 1.4 T.
Matsalolin neodymium maganadiso ya bambanta dangane da yadda ake yin su.Sintered neodymium maganadiso suna da T na 1.0 zuwa 1.4.Abubuwan maganadisu na neodymium masu ɗaure suna da 0.6 zuwa 0.7 T.
Tilastawa:
Bayan neodymium yayi maganadisu, baya komawa zuwa sifili maganadisu.Don dawo da shi zuwa sifilin maganadisu, dole ne a mayar da shi ta wani filin da ke gaba da gaba, wanda ake kira tilastawa.Wannan kadara ta maganadisu ita ce iyawarsa ta jure tasirin ƙarfin maganadisu na waje ba tare da an lalatar da shi ba.Tilastawa shine ma'aunin ƙarfin da ake buƙata daga filin maganadisu don rage maganan maganadisu baya zuwa sifili ko juriyar maganadisu da za a lalace.
Ana auna tilastawa a cikin raka'o'in da aka yi amfani da su ko ampere mai lakabin Hc.Ƙaddamar da abubuwan maganadisu na neodymium ya dogara da yadda ake kera su.Sintered neodymium maganadiso suna da tilas na 750 Hc zuwa 2000 Hc, yayin da bonded neodymium maganadiso suna da tilas na 600 Hc zuwa 1200 Hc.
Samfuran Makamashi:
Matsakaicin ƙarfin maganadisu yana siffanta matsakaicin ƙimar yawan lokutan juzu'in ƙarfin filin maganadisu, wanda shine adadin ƙarfin maganadisu a kowane yanki na yanki.Ana auna raka'o'in a cikin teslas don raka'o'in SI da Gauss ɗin sa tare da alamar haɓakar juzu'i kasancewar B. Girman juzu'in Magnetic shine jimlar filin maganadisu na waje H da magnetic body magnetic polarization J a cikin rukunin SI.
Magnet na dindindin suna da filin B a cikin ainihin su da kewaye.An danganta jagorancin ƙarfin filin B zuwa maki a ciki da wajen magnet.Allurar kamfas a cikin filin B na maganadisu tana nuna kanta zuwa alkiblar filin.
Babu wata hanya mai sauƙi don ƙididdige yawan juzu'i na sifofin maganadisu.Akwai shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da zasu iya yin lissafin.Za'a iya amfani da darussa masu sauƙi don ƙananan rikitattun geometries.
Ana auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu a Gauss ko Teslas kuma shine ma'auni na gama gari na ƙarfin maganadisu, wanda shine ma'auni na yawa na filin maganadisu.Ana amfani da mitar gauss don auna yawan juzu'in maganadisu.Matsakaicin juzu'i don maganadisu neodymium shine Gauss 6000 ko ƙasa da haka saboda yana da madaidaiciyar layin demagnetization.
Zazzabi Curie:
Matsakaicin zafin jiki, ko ma'anar curie, shine yanayin zafin da kayan maganadisu ke samun canji a cikin abubuwan maganadisu kuma suka zama paramagnetic.A cikin karafa na maganadisu, ƙwayoyin maganadisu na maganadisu suna daidaitawa a hanya ɗaya kuma suna ƙarfafa filin maganadisu.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana canza tsarin atom ɗin.
Tilastawa yana ƙaruwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa.Ko da yake neodymium maganadiso yana da babban ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki, yana sauka yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi har sai ya kai ga zafin jiki, wanda zai iya kusan 320 ° C ko 608 ° F.
Ko da yaya ƙarfin neodymium maganadiso na iya zama, matsanancin zafi zai iya canza atom ɗin su.Tsawon tsayin daka zuwa yanayin zafi na iya haifar da su gaba ɗaya rasa halayensu na maganadisu, wanda ke farawa a 80 ° C ko 176 ° F.
Yaya ake yin Neodymium Magnets?
Hanyoyi guda biyu da ake amfani da su don kera abubuwan maganadisu neodymium sune sintering da bonding.Abubuwan da aka gama maganadiso sun bambanta dangane da yadda aka samar da su tare da sintering kasancewa mafi kyawun hanyoyin biyu.
Yadda ake yin Neodymium Magnets
Tsayawa
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narkewa:
Ana auna Neodymium, Iron da Boron kuma a saka su a cikin tanderun induction don samar da gami.Ana ƙara wasu abubuwa don takamaiman maki, kamar cobalt, jan ƙarfe, gadolinium, da dysprosium don taimakawa tare da juriya na lalata.Ana yin dumama ta hanyar igiyoyin wuta na lantarki a cikin sarari don kiyaye gurɓataccen abu.Cakudar neo alloy ya bambanta ga kowane masana'anta da darajar neodymium maganadisu.
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Foda:
Garin da aka narke yana sanyaya kuma ya zama cikin ingots.Ingots an niƙa jet a cikin yanayi na nitrogen da argon don ƙirƙirar foda mai girman micron.Ana saka foda neodymium a cikin hopper don dannawa.
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Latsa:
Ana danna foda a cikin mutun ɗan girma fiye da siffar da ake so ta hanyar da aka sani da tashin hankali a yanayin zafi na kimanin 725 ° C. Mafi girman siffar mutuwar yana ba da damar raguwa yayin aikin sintiri.Yayin dannawa, kayan yana nunawa zuwa filin maganadisu.Ana sanya shi a cikin mutuwa ta biyu don a danna shi cikin siffa mai faɗi don daidaita maganadisu daidai da alkiblar latsawa.Wasu hanyoyin sun haɗa da kayan aiki don samar da filayen maganadisu yayin latsa don daidaita sassan.
Kafin a saki magnet ɗin da aka danna, yana karɓar bugun bugun jini don barin shi lalacewa don ƙirƙirar maganadisu kore, wanda cikin sauƙi ya rushe kuma yana da ƙarancin maganadisu.
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Tsayawa:
Sintering, ko frittage, yana haɗawa da samar da koren maganadisu ta amfani da zafi a ƙasan inda yake narkewa don ba shi halayen maganadisu na ƙarshe.Ana kula da tsarin a hankali a cikin inert, yanayi mara oxygen.Oxides na iya lalata aikin magnet neodymium.Ana matse shi a yanayin zafi da ya kai 1080 ° C amma ƙasa da wurin narkewa don tilasta barbashi su manne da juna.
Ana amfani da quench don saurin kwantar da maganadisu da rage girman matakan, waɗanda bambance-bambancen gami ne waɗanda ke da ƙarancin halayen maganadisu.
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Injiniya:
An yi nisa da maɗauran maganadisu ta amfani da lu'u-lu'u ko kayan aikin yankan waya don siffata su zuwa daidaitattun haƙuri.
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Plating da shafi:
Neodymium oxidizes da sauri kuma yana da haɗari ga lalata, wanda zai iya cire kayan aikin maganadisu.A matsayin kariya, an lulluɓe su da filastik, nickel, jan ƙarfe, zinc, tin, ko wasu nau'ikan sutura.
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Magnetization:
Ko da yake maganadisu yana da alkiblar maganadisu, amma ba a yin maganadisu ba kuma dole ne a ɗan fallasa shi zuwa wani filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi, wanda shi ne naɗaɗɗen waya da ke kewaye da maganadisu.Magnetizing ya ƙunshi capacitors da babban ƙarfin lantarki don samar da ƙarfin halin yanzu.
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Duban Ƙarshe:
Na'urori masu aunawa na dijital suna tabbatar da girma kuma fasahar kyalli ta x-ray tana tabbatar da kaurin platin.Ana gwada sutura ta wasu hanyoyi don tabbatar da ingancinsa da ƙarfinsa.Ana gwada lanƙwan BH ta jadawali don tabbatar da cikakken girma.
jingina
Bonding, ko matsawa bonding, ne mai mutu matsi tsari da yin amfani da cakuda neodymium foda da epoxy dauri wakili.A cakuda ne 97% Magnetic abu da 3% epoxy.
Ana matsawa cakuda epoxy da neodymium a cikin latsawa ko fitar da shi kuma a warke a cikin tanda.Tun lokacin da aka danna cakuda a cikin mutu ko kuma sanya shi ta hanyar extrusion, ana iya yin maganadisu zuwa sifofi masu rikitarwa da daidaitawa.Tsarin haɗin gwiwar matsawa yana samar da maganadisu tare da matsananciyar haƙuri kuma baya buƙatar ayyuka na biyu.
Matsawa bonded maganadiso ne isotropic kuma za a iya magnetized ta kowace hanya, wanda ya hada da Multi-Polar jeri.Dauren epoxy yana sa maganadisu su yi ƙarfi da za a iya niƙa ko a lakaɗa su amma ba za a haƙa su ko a taɓa su ba.
Radial Sintered
Radially daidaitacce neodymium maganadiso su ne sabbin maganadiso akan kasuwar maganadisu.An san tsarin samar da magneto mai daidaita radial shekaru da yawa amma bai yi tasiri ba.Ci gaban fasaha na baya-bayan nan sun daidaita tsarin masana'anta suna sa maɗaukakin radially mai sauƙin samarwa.
Hanyoyi guda uku don kera radial masu daidaitawa neodymium maganadiso sune gyare-gyaren matsa lamba anisotropic, matsananciyar zafi na baya, da daidaita filin radial.
Tsarin sintiri yana tabbatar da cewa babu rauni a cikin tsarin maganadisu.
Na musamman ingancin maganadiso masu daidaita radially shine jagorar filin maganadisu, wanda ke kewaye da kewayen maganadisu.Ƙarshen kudu na maganadiso yana kan ciki na zobe, yayin da sandan arewa yana kan kewayensa.
Radially daidaitacce neodymium maganadiso anisotropic ne kuma ana yin magnetized daga ciki na zoben zuwa waje.Radial magnetization yana ƙara ƙarfin maganadisu na zobba kuma ana iya siffa su zuwa alamu da yawa.
Za a iya amfani da maganadisu na zobe na radial neodymium don injunan aiki tare, injin hawa, da injunan goga na DC don masana'antar kera, kwamfuta, lantarki, da na sadarwa.
Aikace-aikace na Neodymium Magnets
Masu Rarraba Magnetic:
A cikin nunin da ke ƙasa, an rufe bel ɗin isar da maganadisu neodymium.An jera abubuwan maganadisu tare da wasu sanduna daban-daban suna fuskantar waje wanda ke ba su ƙarfin maganadisu mai ƙarfi.Abubuwan da ba su da sha'awar maganadisu suna faɗuwa, yayin da aka jefa kayan ferromagnetic cikin kwandon tarawa.
Hard disks:
Hard Drive suna da waƙoƙi da sassan da ke da ƙwayoyin maganadisu.Kwayoyin suna magnetized lokacin da aka rubuta bayanai zuwa abin tuƙi.
Kayan Guitar Lantarki:
Ɗaukar guitar lantarki tana jin igiyoyin girgiza kuma tana canza siginar zuwa wutar lantarki mai rauni don aikawa zuwa amplifier da lasifika.Gitarar wutar lantarki ba kamar gitatan sauti ba ne waɗanda ke ƙara sautin su a cikin akwati mara ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin igiyoyin.Gitaran lantarki na iya zama ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ko itace tare da ƙara sautin su ta hanyar lantarki.
Maganin Ruwa:
Ana amfani da maganadisu Neodymium a cikin maganin ruwa don rage ƙima daga ruwa mai wuya.Ruwa mai wuya yana da babban abun ciki na ma'adinai na calcium da magnesium.Tare da maganin ruwa na maganadisu, ruwa yana wucewa ta filin maganadisu don ɗaukar sikelin.Ba a yarda da fasahar gaba daya a matsayin tasiri ba.An sami sakamako masu kwarin gwiwa.
Reed Canja:
Maɓallin Reed shine wutar lantarki da filin maganadisu ke sarrafa shi.Suna da lambobin sadarwa guda biyu da redu na ƙarfe a cikin ambulan gilashi.Lambobin maɓalli suna buɗewa har sai an kunna ta da maganadisu.
Ana amfani da maɓalli na Reed a tsarin injina azaman firikwensin kusanci a cikin ƙofofi da tagogi don tsarin ƙararrawa na ɓarna da kuma tabbatarwa.A cikin kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci, na'urori masu juyawa suna sanya kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka cikin yanayin barci lokacin da murfin ke rufe.Allon madannai na feda don gabobin bututu suna amfani da maɓallan radiyo waɗanda ke cikin shingen gilashi don lambobin sadarwa don kare su daga datti, ƙura, da tarkace.
Magnet din dinki:
Ana amfani da dinkin Neodymium a cikin maganadisu don mannen maganadisu akan jakunkuna, tufafi, da manyan fayiloli ko masu ɗaure.Ana siyar da maganadisun dinki bibbiyu tare da maganadisu ɗaya shine a+ ɗayan kuma a-.
Magnets na Haƙori:
Ana iya riƙe haƙoran haƙora a wuri ta hanyar maganadisu da ke cikin muƙamuƙin majiyyaci.Ana kiyaye maganadisu daga lalata daga yau ta hanyar sanya bakin karfe.Ana amfani da yumbu titanium nitride don guje wa abrasion da rage fallasa ga nickel.
Ƙofofin Magnetic:
Dogon ƙofa na Magnetic tasha ce ta inji wacce ke riƙe da kofa a buɗe.Ƙofar ta buɗe, ta taɓa magnet, kuma tana buɗewa har sai an cire ƙofar.
Kayan Ado:
Manufofin kayan adon maganadisu sun zo da rabi biyu kuma ana siyar da su azaman biyu.Halves ɗin suna da maganadisu a cikin mahalli na kayan da ba na maganadisu ba.Madauki na ƙarfe a ƙarshen yana haɗa sarkar abin wuya ko abin wuya.Gidajen maganadisu sun dace a cikin juna suna hana motsi gefe-da-gefe ko yanke motsi tsakanin maganadisu don samar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Masu magana:
Masu magana suna canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin injina ko motsi.Ƙarfin injin yana danne iska kuma yana canza motsi zuwa ƙarfin sauti ko matakin matsa lamba.Wutar lantarki, wanda aka aika ta hanyar coil na waya, yana haifar da filin maganadisu a cikin magnet da ke manne da lasifikar.Muryar muryoyin tana jan hankali kuma tana korar da maganadisu na dindindin, wanda ke yin mazugi, an makala muryar muryar, ta koma baya.Motsin mazugi yana haifar da raƙuman matsi waɗanda aka ji kamar sauti.
Sensors Anti-Lock Brake:
A cikin birki na hana kulle-kulle, maganadisu neodymium suna nannade cikin coils na jan karfe a cikin firikwensin birki.Na'urar rigakafin kulle birki tana sarrafa saurin ƙafafun ƙafafu da rage hanzari ta hanyar daidaita matsin layin da ake amfani da shi akan birki.Ana ɗaukar siginar sarrafawa, wanda mai sarrafawa ya ƙirƙira kuma ana amfani da shi zuwa naúrar daidaita matsi na birki, ana ɗaukar su daga firikwensin saurin dabaran.
Hakora a kan zoben firikwensin suna jujjuya firikwensin maganadisu, wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar filin maganadisu wanda ke aika siginar mitar zuwa saurin angular na axle.Bambance-bambancen siginar shine haɓaka ƙafafun ƙafafun.
Neodymium Magnet La'akari
A matsayin mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi maganadisu a duniya, neodymium maganadiso na iya yin illa mara kyau.Yana da mahimmanci a sarrafa su da kyau tare da la'akari da cutarwar da za su iya haifarwa.A ƙasa akwai bayanin wasu munanan illolin neodymium maganadiso.
Mummunan Tasirin Neodymium Magnets
Raunin Jiki:
Neodymium maganadiso na iya tsalle tare da tsunkule fata ko haifar da munanan raunuka.Suna iya tsalle ko dunƙule tare daga inci da yawa zuwa ƙafa da yawa.Idan yatsa yana kan hanya, ana iya karye shi ko kuma ya cutar da shi sosai.Neodymium maganadiso sun fi sauran nau'ikan maganadisu ƙarfi.Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ban mamaki a tsakanin su na iya zama abin mamaki sau da yawa.
Rage Magnet:
Neodymium maganadiso suna da karye kuma suna iya kwasfa, guntu, fashe ko tarwatse idan sun dunƙule tare, wanda ke aika ƙananan ƙarfe masu kaifi suna tashi da sauri.Neodymium maganadiso an yi su ne da wani abu mai wuya, gagaru.Duk da cewa an yi su da ƙarfe, kuma suna da haske, kamanni na ƙarfe, ba su dawwama.Ya kamata a sa kariyar ido lokacin da ake sarrafa su.
Nisantar Yara:
Neodymium maganadiso ba kayan wasa bane.Kada a bar yara su rike su.Ƙananan na iya zama haɗari na shaƙewa.Idan an haɗiye maganadiso da yawa, suna haɗawa da juna ta bangon hanji, wanda zai haifar da matsalolin lafiya mai tsanani, buƙatar gaggawa, tiyata na gaggawa.
Haɗari ga Masu yin bugun jini:
Ƙarfin filin gauss goma kusa da na'urar bugun bugun zuciya ko na'urar na'urar na'ura na iya mu'amala da na'urar da aka dasa.Neodymium maganadiso yana haifar da filayen maganadisu masu ƙarfi, waɗanda zasu iya tsoma baki tare da na'urorin bugun zuciya, ICDs, da na'urorin kiwon lafiya da aka dasa.Yawancin na'urori da aka dasa suna kashewa lokacin da suke kusa da filin maganadisu.
Kafofin watsa labarai na Magnetic:
Ƙaƙƙarfan filayen maganadisu daga maginin neodymium na iya lalata kafofin watsa labarai na maganadisu kamar floppy disks, katunan kuɗi, katunan maganadisu na maganadisu, kaset ɗin kaset, kaset ɗin bidiyo, lalata tsofaffin talabijin, VCRs, na'urorin kwamfuta, da nunin CRT.Kada a sanya su kusa da na'urorin lantarki.
GPS da Wayoyin Waya:
Filayen Magnetic suna tsoma baki tare da compass ko magnetometer da kwamfutocin ciki na wayoyin hannu da na'urorin GPS.Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya da Dokokin Tarayyar Amurka da ka'idoji sun shafi jigilar kaya.
Allergy na Nickel:
Idan kuna da rashin lafiyar nickel, tsarin rigakafi yana kuskuren nickel a matsayin mai kutse mai haɗari kuma yana samar da sinadarai don yaƙar shi.Rashin lafiyar nickel shine ja da kurjin fata.Ciwon nickel ya fi yawa a cikin mata da 'yan mata.Kusan, kashi 36 cikin 100 na mata, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, suna da alerji na nickel.Hanyar guje wa alerji na nickel shine a guje wa abubuwan da ke tattare da nickel neodymium maganadiso.
Demagnetization:
Neodymium maganadiso yana riƙe da tasirin su har zuwa 80 ° C ko 175 ° F. Yanayin zafin da suka fara rasa tasirin su ya bambanta ta sa, siffar, da aikace-aikace.
Mai ƙonewa:
Neodymium maganadiso bai kamata a tono ko inji.Kurar da foda da ake samarwa ta hanyar niƙa suna da ƙonewa.
Lalata:
Neodymium maganadiso an gama da wani nau'i na shafi ko plating don kare su daga abubuwa.Ba su da ruwa kuma za su yi tsatsa ko lalata lokacin da aka sanya su cikin jika ko mahalli.
Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji don Amfani da Neodymium Magnet
Kodayake Magnetic neodymium suna da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi, suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.Hukumomin sa ido na masana'antu da yawa sun ɓullo da ƙa'idodi game da sarrafawa, ƙira, da jigilar abubuwan maganadiso neodymium.An jera taƙaitaccen bayanin kaɗan daga cikin ƙa'idodin a ƙasa.
Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji don Neodymium Magnets
Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Injiniya ta Amirka:
Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Injiniya ta Amurka (ASME) tana da ƙa'idodi don Na'urorin ɗagawa na ƙasa-The-Hook.Standard B30.20 ya shafi shigarwa, dubawa, gwaji, kulawa da aiki na na'urorin ɗagawa, wanda ya haɗa da magneto mai ɗagawa inda mai aiki ya sanya magnet akan kaya kuma yana jagorantar kaya.Ana amfani da daidaitattun ASME BTH-1 tare da ASME B30.20.
Binciken Hazari da Mahimman Bayanan Kulawa:
Analysis Hazard da Critical Control Points (HACCP) tsarin kula da haɗarin haɗari ne na duniya da aka sani.Yana bincika amincin abinci daga abubuwan halitta, sinadarai, da haɗarin jiki ta hanyar buƙatar ganowa da sarrafa hatsarori a wasu wuraren aikin samarwa.Yana ba da takaddun shaida don kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a wuraren abinci.HACCP ta gano kuma ta ba da takaddun wasu abubuwan rarrabuwar kawuna da ake amfani da su a masana'antar abinci.
Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka:
Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka Sabis ɗin Tallan Aikin Gona ta amince da na'urar rarrabuwar kawuna kamar yadda suka dace don amfani da shirye-shiryen sarrafa abinci guda biyu:
- Shirin Binciken Kayan Kiwo
- Shirin Nazari na Kayan Nama da Kaji
Takaddun shaida sun dogara ne akan ƙa'idodi ko jagorori biyu:
- Tsara Tsafta da Ƙirƙirar Kayan Aikin Kiwo
- Tsara Tsafta da Kera Nama da Kayan Aikin Kaji waɗanda suka dace da NSF/ANSI/3-A SSI 14159-1-2014 Bukatun Tsafta
Ƙuntatawar Amfani da Abubuwa masu haɗari:
Ƙuntatawa na Amfani da Abubuwan Haɗaɗɗen Abubuwa (RoHS) ƙa'idodin sun iyakance amfani da gubar, cadmium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), mercury, chromium hexavalent, da polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) masu kare harshen wuta a cikin kayan lantarki.Tun da maganadisu neodymium na iya zama haɗari, RoHS ya haɓaka ƙa'idodi don sarrafa su da amfani.
Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya:
Magnets an ƙaddara su zama haɗari mai kyau don jigilar kaya a waje da Ƙasar Amurka zuwa wurare na duniya.Duk wani kayan da aka haɗe, da za a yi jigilar su ta iska, dole ne ya sami ƙarfin filin maganadisu na 0.002 Gauss ko fiye a nisan ƙafa bakwai daga kowane wuri a saman fakitin.
Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya:
Fakitin da ke ɗauke da maganadiso da ake jigilar su ta iska dole ne a gwada su don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi.Fakitin Magnet dole ne su auna ƙasa da 0.00525 gauss a ƙafa 15 daga kunshin.Magnets masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi dole su sami wani nau'i na garkuwa.Akwai ƙa'idodi da buƙatu da yawa da za a cika don jigilar maganadisu ta iska saboda yuwuwar haɗarin aminci.
Ƙuntatawa, Kima, Izinin Sinadarai:
Ƙuntatawa, kimantawa, da izini na Chemicals (REACH) ƙungiya ce ta duniya wacce ke cikin Tarayyar Turai.Yana tsarawa da haɓaka ƙa'idodi don abubuwa masu haɗari.Yana da takardu da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da ingantaccen amfani, sarrafawa, da kera maganadisu.Yawancin wallafe-wallafen suna nufin amfani da maganadisu a cikin na'urorin likitanci da kayan lantarki.
Kammalawa
- Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B) maganadiso, da aka sani da neo magnets, su ne na yau da kullun na duniya maganadiso wanda ya hada da neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), boron (B), da kuma karafa na canzawa.
- Hanyoyi guda biyu da ake amfani da su don kera abubuwan maganadisu neodymium sune sintering da bonding.
- Neodymium maganadiso ya zama mafi yadu amfani da da yawa iri maganadiso.
- Filin maganadisu na maganadisu neodymium yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin maganadisu a kai da kuma adaidaita sahu na dipoles, wanda shine madauki na magnetic hysteresis.
- Neodymium maganadiso za a iya samar da kowane girman amma riƙe da farko ƙarfin maganadisu.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-11-2022