Magnets abubuwa ne masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka kama tunanin ɗan adam tsawon ƙarni.Tun daga tsohuwar Girkawa zuwa masana kimiyya na zamani, mutane sun sha'awar yadda magneto ke aiki da kuma aikace-aikacen su da yawa.Dindindin maganadiso wani nau'i ne na maganadisu wanda ke riƙe da halayensa na maganadisu ko da ba a gaban filin maganadisu na waje. za mu bincika kimiyyar da ke bayan maɗaukakiyar maganadisu na dindindin da filayen maganadisu, gami da abubuwan da ke tattare da su, kaddarorinsu, da aikace-aikace.
Sashi na 1: Menene Magnetism?
Magnetism yana nufin kayan jiki na wasu kayan da ke ba su damar jawo hankali ko tunkude wasu kayan tare da filin maganadisu.An ce waɗannan kayan maganadisu ne ko kuma suna da abubuwan maganadisu.
Abubuwan Magnetic suna da alaƙa da kasancewar wuraren maganadisu, waɗanda yankuna ne marasa ƙanƙanta waɗanda filayen maganadisu na kowane zarra suka daidaita.Lokacin da waɗannan yankuna suka daidaita daidai, suna ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu na macroscopic wanda za'a iya ganowa a waje da kayan.
Ana iya rarraba kayan Magnetic zuwa kashi biyu: ferromagnetic da paramagnetic.Abubuwan Ferromagnetic suna da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kuma sun haɗa da ƙarfe, nickel, da cobalt.Suna iya riƙe kaddarorin maganadisu ko da in babu filin maganadisu na waje.Kayan aikin paramagnetic, a gefe guda, suna da rauni mai ƙarfi kuma sun haɗa da kayan kamar aluminum da platinum.Suna baje kolin kaddarorin maganadisu ne kawai lokacin da aka yiwa filin maganadisu na waje.
Magnetism yana da aikace-aikace masu amfani da yawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, gami da injinan lantarki, janareta, da masu canza wuta.Hakanan ana amfani da kayan Magnetic a cikin na'urorin ajiyar bayanai kamar rumbun kwamfyuta, da kuma a cikin fasahohin hoto na likitanci kamar hoton maganadisu na maganadisu (MRI).
Sashi na 2: Filayen Magnetic
Filayen maganadisu wani muhimmin al'amari ne na maganadisu kuma suna bayyana wurin da ke kewaye da maganadisu ko waya mai ɗauka a halin yanzu inda za'a iya gano ƙarfin maganadisu.Wadannan filayen ba a iya gani, amma ana iya lura da tasirinsu ta hanyar motsin kayan maganadisu ko mu'amala tsakanin filayen maganadisu da lantarki.
Ana samar da filayen maganadisu ta hanyar motsi na cajin lantarki, kamar kwararar electrons a cikin waya ko jujjuyawar electrons a cikin zarra.An ƙaddara shugabanci da ƙarfin filin maganadisu ta hanyar daidaitawa da motsin waɗannan cajin.Misali, a cikin magnetin mashaya, filin maganadisu ya fi karfi a sanduna kuma mafi rauni a tsakiya, kuma alkiblar filin daga sandar arewa zuwa sandar kudu.
Ƙarfin filin maganadisu yawanci ana auna shi ne a cikin raka'a na tesla (T) ko gauss (G), kuma ana iya siffanta alkiblar filin ta amfani da ka'idar hannun dama, wanda ke nuna cewa idan babban yatsan hannun dama ya nuna a ciki. shugabanci na halin yanzu, to, yatsunsu za su karkata a cikin hanyar filin maganadisu.
Filayen maganadisu suna da aikace-aikace masu amfani da yawa, gami da a cikin injina da janareta, injunan haɓakar maganadisu (MRI), da kuma cikin na'urorin ajiyar bayanai kamar rumbun kwamfyuta.Hakanan ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen kimiyya da injiniya iri-iri, kamar a cikin injinan ƙararrawa da jiragen ƙasa levitation.
Fahimtar ɗabi'a da kaddarorin filayen maganadisu yana da mahimmanci ga fannonin karatu da yawa, gami da electromagnetism, injiniyoyi masu ƙima, da kimiyyar kayan aiki.
Sashi na 3: Haɗin Magnets Dindindin
Maganar maganadisu na dindindin, wanda kuma aka sani da "Maɗaukakin Magnetic na dindindin" ko "kayan magana na dindindin," yawanci ya ƙunshi haɗe-haɗe na ferromagnetic ko kayan ferrimagnetic.An zaɓi waɗannan kayan don ikon su na riƙe filin maganadisu, yana ba su damar samar da ingantaccen tasirin maganadisu na tsawon lokaci.
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da ferromagnetic da ake amfani da su a cikin maganadisu na dindindin sune baƙin ƙarfe, nickel, da cobalt, waɗanda za a iya haɗa su tare da wasu abubuwa don haɓaka halayen maganadisu.Misali neodymium maganadiso wani nau'i ne na maganadisu na duniya da ba kasafai ba wadanda suka hada da neodymium, iron, da boron, yayin da samarium cobalt maganadisu ya kunshi samarium, cobalt, iron, da jan karfe.
Abun da ke tattare da abubuwan maganadisu na dindindin kuma za a iya yin tasiri ta hanyar abubuwa kamar yanayin zafin da za a yi amfani da su, ƙarfin da ake so da alkiblar filin maganadisu, da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.Misali, ana iya ƙera wasu maganadiso don jure yanayin zafi, yayin da wasu kuma ana iya ƙirƙira su don samar da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi a takamaiman hanya.
Baya ga kayan aikin maganadisu na farko, maganadisu na dindindin na iya haɗawa da sutura ko yadudduka masu kariya don hana lalacewa ko lalacewa, da kuma tsarawa da machining don ƙirƙirar takamaiman siffofi da girma don amfani a aikace-aikace daban-daban.
Sashi na 4: Nau'in Magnet na Dindindin
Za'a iya rarraba maganadisu na dindindin zuwa nau'ikan iri da yawa bisa la'akari da abun da ke ciki, kayan maganadisu, da tsarin masana'antu.Anan akwai wasu nau'ikan maganadisu na dindindin:
1.Neodymium maganadiso: Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan maganadisu na duniya sun ƙunshi neodymium, baƙin ƙarfe, da boron, kuma sune mafi ƙarfi nau'in maganadisu na dindindin da ake samu.Suna da babban ƙarfin maganadisu kuma ana iya amfani da su a aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da injina, janareta, da kayan aikin likita.
2.Samarium cobalt maganadiso: Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan maganadiso na duniya sun ƙunshi samarium, cobalt, iron, da jan karfe, kuma an san su da matsanancin yanayin zafi da juriya na lalata.Ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace kamar sararin samaniya da tsaro, da kuma a cikin manyan injina da janareta.
3.Ferrite maganadiso: Har ila yau aka sani da yumbu maganadiso, ferrite maganadiso sun hada da wani yumbu abu gauraye da baƙin ƙarfe oxide.Suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin maganadisu fiye da na'urar maganadisu na duniya, amma sun fi araha kuma ana amfani da su sosai a aikace-aikace irin su lasifika, injina, da maganadiso na firiji.
4.Alnico maganadiso: Wadannan maganadiso sun hada da aluminum, nickel, da cobalt, kuma an san su da babban ƙarfin maganadisu da kwanciyar hankali.Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a aikace-aikacen masana'antu kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin, mita, da injinan lantarki.
5.Bonded maganadiso: Wadannan maganadiso ana yin su ta hanyar hadawa Magnetic foda tare da ɗaure, kuma za a iya kerarre a cikin hadaddun siffofi da kuma girma dabam.Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a aikace-aikace kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin, kayan aikin mota, da kayan aikin likita.
Zaɓin nau'in maganadisu na dindindin ya dogara da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen, gami da ƙarfin maganadisu da ake buƙata, kwanciyar hankali zafin jiki, farashi, da iyakokin masana'antu.
Sashi na 5: Yaya Magnets Aiki?
Magnets suna aiki ta hanyar ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu wanda ke hulɗa da wasu kayan maganadisu ko tare da igiyoyin lantarki.An ƙirƙiri filin maganadisu ta hanyar daidaita lokutan maganadisu a cikin kayan, waɗanda ƙananan sandunan arewa da kudu ne waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarfin maganadisu.
A cikin maganadisu na dindindin, kamar magnetin mashaya, lokacin maganadisu suna daidaitawa a takamaiman shugabanci, don haka filin maganadisu ya fi ƙarfi a sanduna kuma mafi rauni a tsakiya.Lokacin da aka sanya shi kusa da wani abu na maganadisu, filin maganadisu yana yin ƙarfi akan kayan, ko dai yana jan shi ko kuma tunkuɗe shi ya danganta da yanayin lokacin maganadisu.
A cikin na'urar lantarki, filin maganadisu yana samuwa ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin na'urar waya.Wutar lantarki yana haifar da filin maganadisu wanda yake daidai da alkiblar da ke gudana a halin yanzu, kuma ana iya sarrafa ƙarfin filin maganadisu ta hanyar daidaita adadin abubuwan da ke gudana ta cikin nada.Ana amfani da wutar lantarki sosai a aikace-aikace kamar injina, lasifika, da janareta.
Haɗin kai tsakanin filayen maganadisu da igiyoyin lantarki kuma shine ginshiƙi na aikace-aikacen fasaha da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da janareta, transfoma, da injinan lantarki.A cikin janareta, alal misali, jujjuyawar maganadisu a kusa da murhun waya yana haifar da wutar lantarki a cikin wayar, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da wutar lantarki.A cikin injin lantarki, hulɗar da ke tsakanin filin maganadisu na injin ɗin da na yanzu da ke gudana ta cikin naɗin waya yana haifar da jujjuyawar motsin motar.
Dangane da wannan sifa, za mu iya ƙirƙira wani tsari na musamman na maganadisu don splicing don haɓaka ƙarfin filin maganadisu a wani yanki na musamman yayin aiki, kamar Halbeck.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 24-2023